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Battle of Nibley Green
The Battle of Nibley Green was fought on 20 March 1469 (modern historians would date the battle in 1470 - prior to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in England the start of the new year was 25 March; the battle being fought on 20 March meant it fell into the previous year), between the troops of Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle and William Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley. It is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates.
==Prelude==
Lisle and Berkeley had long been engaged in a dispute over the inheritance of Berkeley Castle and the other Berkeley lands,〔Christine Carpenter, ''The Wars of the Roses:Politics and the Constitution in England, c.1437-1509'', (Cambridge University Press, 1997), 175.〕 Lisle being heir-general to Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley and Berkeley heir-male. Lisle impetuously challenged Berkeley to a battle, and the latter agreed, the battle to be fought the next day at Nibley Green.
In the little time available, Lisle could only raise a force among his ill-equipped local tenants. Berkeley, however, could draw upon a garrison from Berkeley Castle as well as his local levies, and he was reinforced by men led by his brother Maurice and miners from the Forest of Dean. This gave him a considerable advantage in numbers, about 1,000 to 300.
Philip Mead (or Mede) of Wraxall an Alderman and Mayor of Bristol in 1459, 1462 & 1469〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mayors of Bristol since 1216 )〕 sent some men on the Berkeley side. Maurice Berkeley had married Isabel Mead, Philip's daughter, for which act of marrying beneath his social status he had been disinherited of the Berkeley lands by his elder brother, William.〔Debrett's Peerage, 1968, Berkeley, Baroness, precedents〕 This was hardly a mark of gratitude for Mead's assistance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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